Zion's Camp

Zion's Camp was organized on May 6, 1834 near New Portage, Ohio in response to Mormon persecution in Jackson County, Missouri. Earlier that year, on February 24, 1834, the Lord had commanded the Prophet Joseph Smith to organize a group to aid the "brethren, who have been scattered on the land of Zion." Many of the Saints had been forced out of their homes and fled into Clay County to escape mob violence in late 1833. Zion's Camp was formed to bring aid and relief to the suffering Saints and to reclaim their lands in Jackson County, Missouri which Church members viewed as the core of Zion.

The camp began with just over 100 men, but by the time they reached Missouri, additional men met up with them bringing their number to over 200. In total, the members of Zion's Camp travel more than 900 miles on foot between Kirtland and Missouri. They were organized into companies of tens and fifties with a captain at the head of each company.

The march of Zion's Camp was a refining period for many early leaders of the Church. George A. Smith, future apostle and 16 year-old cousin of the Prophet Joseph Smith described that he was "so weary, hungry and sleepy that I dreamed while walking along the road of seeing a beautiful stream of water by a pleasant shade and a nice loaf of bread and a bottle of milk laid out on a cloth by the side of the spring."

Members of Zion's Camp endured a limited food and water supply, unsanitary conditions, traveling through humidity, rain, and mud for sometimes as many as 40 miles a day. The difficulties lead to some members of Zion's Camp becoming greatly discouraged and Joseph exhorted them "to humble themselves before the Lord and become united, that they might not be scourged."

On June 19, the group had reached Daviess County and began to set up camp between the Little and Big Fishing Rivers. Five armed men rode into camp and told them that a group of Missourians were amassing with the intent of killing "Joe Smith and his army." A tremendous storm soon arose in which rain, hail, thunder and lighting came down upon the mob and prevented them from attacking the members of the camp. Joseph and the others took refuge for the night in a small Church not far away.

When Colonel Sconce met Joseph Smith on June 21, he acknowledged "there is an Almighty power that protects this people, for I started from Richmond, Ray county, with a company of armed men, having a fixed determination to destroy you, but was kept back by the storm, and was not able to reach you."

However, due to the camp's continuing murmurings against the Prophet and disobedience to the Lord's commandments, cholera broke out among them and 13 members of Zion's Camp died including Sidney A. Gilbert, part-owner of the Gilbert Whitney Store in Independence.

While at Fishing River, Joseph received Doctrine & Covenants 105 stating that "it is expedient in me that mine elders should wait for a little season for the redemption of Zion."6 Subsequently, Zion's camp was officially disbanded on July 3, 1834. Nevertheless, the instruction and experience many of the early leaders of the Church received during Zion's Camp became invaluable to further establish the Church. All save three members of the original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the original First Quorum of the Seventy participated in Zion's Camp.

In speaking about his experience in Zion's Camp, Brigham Young expressed that watching Joseph's leadership during Zion's Camp was "the starting point of my knowing how to lead Israel."7 President Young would later lead the Saints out of Missouri to Illinois while Joseph was incarcerated in Liberty Jail and eventually out of Illinois to the Salt Lake Valley.